Antibiotic prophylaxis is suggested for patients with cardiac conditions that confer the highest risk of adverse outcome from infective endocarditis. This differs from the guidelines prior to 2007 where a much larger population of patients with moderate risk of infective endocarditis were included in the recommendation.

Here is the summary:

Antibiotics

In general, for dental or respiratory tract procedures, oral amoxicillin 2g, 30-60min prior to procedure.

Others may differ.

Patients at highest risk

Prosthetic heart valve
- Mechanical
- Bioprosthetic
- Homograft
- TAVI
Valve repair
Prior infective endocarditis
Cyanotic congenital heart disease, repaired congenitalheart disease
Valve regurgitation in transplanted heart

Procedures

Dental
Respiratory tract procedures
Skin or soft tissue procedures
Cardiac surgery